AC   MF_01480;
DC   Protein; auto
TR   HAMAP; MF_01480; -; 1; level=0
XX
Names: Cas9
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ID   CAS9
DE   RecName: Full=CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9;
DE            EC=3.1.-.-;
GN   Name=cas9;
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CC   -!- FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
CC       repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against
CC       mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative
CC       plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to
CC       antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR
CC       clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). In type
CC       II CRISPR systems correct processing of pre-crRNA requires a trans-
CC       encoded small RNA (tracrRNA), endogenous ribonuclease 3 (rnc) and this
CC       protein. The tracrRNA serves as a guide for ribonuclease 3-aided
CC       processing of pre-crRNA. Subsequently Cas9/crRNA/tracrRNA
CC       endonucleolytically cleaves linear or circular dsDNA target
CC       complementary to the spacer; Cas9 is inactive in the absence of the 2
CC       guide RNAs (gRNA). Cas9 recognizes the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)
CC       in the CRISPR repeat sequences to help distinguish self versus nonself,
CC       as targets within the bacterial CRISPR locus do not have PAMs. PAM
CC       recognition is also required for catalytic activity.
case <FTGroup:1> or <FTGroup:2>
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
end case
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. Binds crRNA and tracrRNA.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: Has 2 endonuclease domains. The discontinuous RuvC-like domain
CC       cleaves the target DNA noncomplementary to crRNA while the HNH nuclease
CC       domain cleaves the target DNA complementary to crRNA.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated Cas9 family.
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DR   Pfam; PF13395; HNH_4; 1; trigger=no
DR   NCBIfam; TIGR01865; cas_Csn1; 1; trigger=no
DR   PROSITE; PS51749; HNH_CAS9; 1; trigger=yes
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KW   Antiviral defense
KW   DNA-binding
KW   Endonuclease
KW   Hydrolase
case <FTGroup:1> or <FTGroup:2>
KW   Magnesium
KW   Metal-binding
end case
KW   Nuclease
KW   RNA-binding
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GO   GO:0004519; F:endonuclease activity
GO   GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding
GO   GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus
GO   GO:0043571; P:maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements
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FT   From: CAS9_STRP1 (Q99ZW2)
FT   ACT_SITE        10
FT                   /note="For RuvC-like nuclease domain"
FT   Condition: D
FT   ACT_SITE        840
FT                   /note="Proton acceptor for HNH nuclease domain"
FT   Condition: H
FT   BINDING         10
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT   Group: 1; Condition: D
FT   BINDING         10
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT   Group: 2; Condition: D
FT   BINDING         762
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT   Group: 1; Condition: E
FT   BINDING         766
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT   Group: 1; Condition: E
FT   BINDING         766
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT   Group: 2; Condition: E
FT   BINDING         983
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT   Group: 2; Condition: H
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Size: 984-1688;
Related: None;
Template: Q99ZW2; G3ECR1; Q03JI6; Q927P4; J7RUA5; A0Q5Y3;
Scope:
 Bacteria
Fusion:
 Nter: None
 Cter: None
Duplicate: None
Plasmid: in BACT0, ILYPC, NITHX, TISMX
Comments: The signature gene for type II CRISPR/Cas systems. The
 simplicity of the system (1 protein plus 2 gRNAs that can be engineered
 into 1 longer transcript) has been used for genome editing in human,
 mouse, plant, yeast and bacterial cells. Introduction of multiple sgRNAs
 leads to multiplexed editing of genomic loci; DNA has also been inserted
 into mammals.
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# Revision 1.11 2023/06/01
//