AC   MF_04098;
DC   Protein; auto
TR   HAMAP; MF_04098; -; 1; level=0
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Names: GAMMA_CORONA_SPIKE
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ID   SPIKE
DE   RecName: Full=Spike glycoprotein;
DE            Short=S glycoprotein;
DE   AltName: Full=E2;
DE   AltName: Full=Peplomer protein;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Spike protein S1;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Spike protein S2;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Spike protein S2';
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=S;
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CC   -!- FUNCTION: Spike protein S1: attaches the virion to the host cell
CC       membrane by interacting with sialic acids, initiating the infection.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Spike protein S2: mediates fusion of the virion and cellular
CC       membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the
CC       current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-
CC       fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion
CC       hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled
CC       coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure,
CC       positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal
CC       region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to
CC       drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell
CC       membranes.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Spike protein S2': Acts as a viral fusion peptide after S2
CC       cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer; each monomer consists of a S1 and a S2 subunit.
CC       The resulting peplomers protrude from the virus surface as spikes.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Spike protein S2: Virion membrane; Single-pass
CC       type I membrane protein. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate
CC       compartment membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
CC       Note=Accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate
CC       compartment, where it participates in virus particle assembly. Some S
CC       oligomers may be transported to the plasma membrane, where they may
CC       mediate cell-cell fusion.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Spike protein S1: Virion membrane; Peripheral
CC       membrane protein. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate
CC       compartment membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Accumulates in
CC       the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it
CC       participates in virus particle assembly. Some S oligomers may be
CC       transported to the plasma membrane, where they may mediate cell-cell
CC       fusion. S1 is not anchored to the viral envelope, but associates with
CC       the extravirion surface through its binding to S2.
case <FTTag:Motif>
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The di-lysine motif confers endoplasmic reticulum localization
CC       for type I membrane proteins.
end case
CC   -!- PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The
CC       precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host cell furin or furin-like
CC       protease to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins. The cleavage site
CC       between S1 and S2 requires the optimal sequence [KR]-X-[KR]-R.
CC       Additionally, a second cleavage leads to the release of a fusion
CC       peptide after viral attachment to host cell receptor.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gammacoronaviruses spike protein family.
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DR   PROSITE; PS00001; ASN_GLYCOSYLATION; 0-unlimited; trigger=yes
DR   Pfam; PF01600; Corona_S1; 1; trigger=no
DR   Pfam; PF01601; Corona_S2; 1; trigger=no
DR   General; Coiled_coil; -; 2-unlimited; trigger=yes
DR   General; Signal; -; 1; trigger=no
DR   General; Transmembrane; -; 1; trigger=no
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KW   Cleavage on pair of basic residues
KW   Coiled coil
KW   Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane
KW   Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane
KW   Glycoprotein
KW   Host membrane
KW   Host-virus interaction
KW   Membrane
KW   Signal
KW   Transmembrane
KW   Transmembrane helix
KW   Viral attachment to host cell
KW   Viral envelope protein
KW   Viral penetration into host cytoplasm
KW   Virion
KW   Virulence
KW   Virus endocytosis by host
KW   Virus entry into host cell
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GO   GO:0044173; C:host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
GO   GO:0016020; C:membrane
GO   GO:0019031; C:viral envelope
GO   GO:0055036; C:virion membrane
GO   GO:0075509; P:endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell
GO   GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane
GO   GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
GO   GO:0046813; P:receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell
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FT   From: SPIKE_IBVB (P11223)
FT   SIGNAL          Nter..18
FT   CHAIN           19..537
FT                   /note="Spike protein S1"
FT   CHAIN           538..Cter
FT                   /note="Spike protein S2"
FT   CHAIN           691..Cter
FT                   /note="Spike protein S2'"
FT   TOPO_DOM        19..1095
FT                   /note="Extracellular"
FT   TRANSMEM        1096..1116
FT                   /note="Helical"
FT   TOPO_DOM        1117..Cter
FT                   /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT   COILED          822..866
FT   COILED          1055..1083
FT   MOTIF           1159..1162
FT                   /note="Di-lysine motif"
FT   Tag: Motif; Condition: K-K-x-x
FT   SITE            537..538
FT                   /note="Cleavage; by host furin"
FT   Condition: R-S
FT   SITE            690..691
FT                   /note="Cleavage; by host furin"
FT   Condition: R-S
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Size: 1154-1163;
Related: None;
Template: P11223;
Scope:
 Viruses; Gammacoronavirus
Fusion:
 Nter: None
 Cter: None
Duplicate: None
Plasmid: None
Comments: None
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# Revision 1.6 2022/09/29
//