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HAMAP: Clostridium botulinum (strain Okra / Type B1) complete proteome
General information

Species:  Clostridium botulinum (strain Okra / Type B1)
Species code: CLOBK
Taxonomy: Bacteria; Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium (TaxID: 498213) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description: Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum neurotoxin, one of deadliest toxins known. It inhibits acetylcholine release in neuromuscular junctions, causing paralysis by inhibiting muscle contraction. In most cases the affected person dies of asphyxiation or heart failure. Strains of C. botulinum are physiologically heterogeneous, and four distinct phenotypic groups (I to IV) are recognized. These four metabolically distinct groups do not, however, necessarily correlate with the serological specificities of the botulinum neurotoxin produced, which are classified into 7 serotypes, A-F. The type A toxin is used in minute doses to treat both painful muscle spasms and as a cosmetic treatment to temporarily remove frown lines between eyebrows.

C. botulinum strain okra type B1 botulinum toxin, is thought to have been isolated from a botulinum poisoning episode in the USA. It is a representative of the Group I (proteolytic) botulinum toxins producing bacteria. Group I strains produce one or two toxins of type A, B or F; strain okra produces type B1 neurotoxin. Food-borne, infant and wound botulism can all be caused by Group I strains. The toxin genes are found on a plasmid in this strain, where they are flanked by insertion sequence remnants. This is a heretofore unknown but common occurrence in C.botulinum.
Properties: Presence of flagella: Yes
Human pathogen: Yes
Interaction: Saprophyte; Animal pathogen in Mammalia
Number of membranes: 1
Number of inteins:0
Statistics: Number of CLOBK entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3844 (287 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3557 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)


Genome(s) sequenced

Strain:    Okra / Type B1
Genome structure:
• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000939 (circular; 3,958,233 bp) (download entry)
• Plasmid pCLD EMBL accession number CP000940 (circular; 148,780 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):
[1] PubMed=18060065; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ]
Smith T.J., Hill K.K., Foley B.T., Detter J.C., Munk A.C., Bruce D.C., Doggett N.A., Smith L.A., Marks J.D., Xie G., Brettin T.S. ;
"Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 strains: BoNT/A3, /Ba4 and /B1 clusters are located within plasmids.";
PLoS ONE 2:E1271-E1271(2007).
Web links:
Official genome site(s):
http://www.lanl.gov/bioscience/b7/b7_highlight_1.shtml
Other web sites:
Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=28505
GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Cbot_Okra
 EBI Proteome Analysis page



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