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HAMAP: Clostridium botulinum (strain Loch Maree / Type A3) complete proteome
General information

Species:  Clostridium botulinum (strain Loch Maree / Type A3)
Species code: CLOBM
Taxonomy: Bacteria; Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium (TaxID: 498214) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description: Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum neurotoxin, one of deadliest toxins known. It inhibits acetylcholine release in neuromuscular junctions, causing paralysis by inhibiting muscle contraction. In most cases the affected person dies of asphyxiation or heart failure. Strains of C. botulinum are physiologically heterogeneous, and four distinct phenotypic groups (I to IV) are recognized. These four metabolically distinct groups do not, however, necessarily correlate with the serological specificities of the botulinum neurotoxin produced, which are classified into 7 serotypes, A-F. The type A toxin is used in minute doses to treat both painful muscle spasms and as a cosmetic treatment to temporarily remove frown lines between eyebrows.

C. botulinum strain Loch Maree type A3 botulinum toxin, was isolated in northwest Scotland following a botulism outbreak in 1922. It is a representative of the Group I (proteolytic) botulinum toxins producing bacteria. Group I strains produce one or two toxins of type A, B or F; strain Loch Maree produces type A3 neurotoxin. Food-borne, infant and wound botulism can all be caused by Group I strains. The toxin genes are found on a plasmid in this strain, where they are flanked by insertion sequence remnants. This is a heretofore unknown but common occurrence in C.botulinum.
Properties: Presence of flagella: Yes
Human pathogen: Yes
Interaction: Saprophyte; Animal pathogen in Mammalia
Number of membranes: 1
Number of inteins:0
Statistics: Number of CLOBM entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3981 (285 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3696 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)


Genome(s) sequenced

Strain:    Loch Maree / Type A3
Genome structure:
• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000962 (circular; 3,992,906 bp) (download entry)
• Plasmid pCLK EMBL accession number CP000963 (circular; 266,785 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):
[1] PubMed=18060065; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ]
Smith T.J., Hill K.K., Foley B.T., Detter J.C., Munk A.C., Bruce D.C., Doggett N.A., Smith L.A., Marks J.D., Xie G., Brettin T.S. ;
"Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 strains: BoNT/A3, /Ba4 and /B1 clusters are located within plasmids.";
PLoS ONE 2:E1271-E1271(2007).
Web links:
Official genome site(s):
http://www.lanl.gov/bioscience/b7/b7_highlight_1.shtml
Other web sites:
Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=28507
GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Cbot_Loch_Maree
 EBI Proteome Analysis page



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