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Species code:	ECO1A
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 585396) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesising appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) strains cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome. They produce the Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2, and possess a pathogenicity island referred to as the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) which encode type III secretion system (T3SS) machinery and several other T3SS-related proteins. O111:H- strain 11128 was isolated in Japan in 2001 from a patient with sporadic cases of diarrhea and bloody stool. Interestingly, EHEC strains with the same pathotype have emerged from multiple lineages. This is the first study to sequence non-O157 EHEC strains and shows that independent acquisition of lambdoid phages, insertion elements, and virulence plasmids has driven the evolution of each EHEC (adapted from PMID 19815525).
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECO1A entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 5238 (6 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 5232 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number AP010960 (circular; 5,371,077 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pO111_1 EMBL accession number AP010961 (circular; 204,604 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pO111_2 EMBL accession number AP010962 (circular; 97,897 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pO111_3 EMBL accession number AP010963 (circular; 77,690 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pO111_4 EMBL accession number AP010964 (circular; 8,140 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pO111_5 EMBL accession number AP010965 (circular; 6,673 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=19815525; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Ogura Y., Ooka T., Iguchi A., Toh H., Asadulghani M., Oshima K., Kodama T., Abe H., Nakayama K., Kurokawa K., Tobe T., Hattori M., Hayashi T. ; "Comparative genomics reveal the mechanism of the parallel evolution of O157 and non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli."; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:17939-17944(2009).
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=32513 Genome Atlas: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/gwBrowser/precalc/project.php?pid=41023 GOLD: http://genomesonline.org/cgi-bin/GOLD/bin/GOLDCards.cgi?goldstamp=Gc01133  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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