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Species code:	ECO45
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 585035) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesizing appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Strain S88 is an extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli strain (ExPEC) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a late onset neonatal meningitis case in France in 1999. It is serotype O45:K1 and in phylogenetic group B2.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECO45 entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4805 (756 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 4049 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CU928161 (circular; 5,032,268 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pECOS88 EMBL accession number CU928146 (circular; 133,853 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=19165319; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Touchon M., Hoede C., Tenaillon O., Barbe V., Baeriswyl S., Bidet P., Bingen E., Bonacorsi S., Bouchier C., Bouvet O., Calteau A., Chiapello H., Clermont O., Cruveiller S., Danchin A., Diard M., Dossat C., Karoui M.E., Frapy E., Garry L., Ghigo J.M., Gilles A.M., Johnson J., Le Bouguenec C., Lescat M., Mangenot S., Martinez-Jehanne V., Matic I., Nassif X., Oztas S., Petit M.A., Pichon C., Rouy Z., Ruf C.S., Schneider D., Tourret J., Vacherie B., Vallenet D., Medigue C., Rocha E.P.C., Denamur E. ; "Organised genome dynamics in the Escherichia coli species results in highly diverse adaptive paths."; PLoS Genet. 5:E1000344-E1000344(2009).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/spip/-Escherichia-fergusonii-coli-.html Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=33375 Genome Atlas: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/gwBrowser/project.php?pid=33375 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_S88  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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