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Species code:	ECOBW
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 595496) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesising appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Strain K12 / MC4100 is a derivative obtained from an HfrC-derived MO strain of S. Brenner, which is in wide use. This strain of MC4100 has an additional lambda phage placMu50 element (encoding 57 genes) in the malEFG operon, and is thus an MC4100(MuLac) strain. It has 194 mutational differences compared to other K12 genomes (MG1655, W3110 and DH10B), indicating there are considerable differences between these related strains, more than can be accounted for by the known construction steps.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: No Interaction: Animal commensal in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECOBW entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4042 (765 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3277 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP001396 (circular; 4,578,159 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=19376874; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Ferenci T., Zhou Z., Betteridge T., Ren Y., Liu Y., Feng L., Reeves P.R., Wang L. ; "Genomic sequencing reveals regulatory mutations and recombinational events in the widely used MC4100 lineage of Escherichia coli K-12."; J. Bacteriol. 191:4025-4029(2009).
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=33775 Genome Atlas: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/gwBrowser/precalc/project.php?pid=33775 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_BW2952  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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