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Species code:	ECODH
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 316385) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesizing appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Strain DH10B is a derivative of the already sequenced K12; it is extensively used in molecular biology as it is easily transformed and allows maintenance of large plasmids (especially useful for genomic sequencing projects). The genome sequence has revealed that there are 226 mutations compared to K12/MG1655 and that it has dramatically more insertion sequence transposition than does MG1655, which results in a 13.5-fold higher mutation rate than MG1655. It is a leucine auxotroph. The sequence was assembled from "contaminating" sequence gathered during the bovine genome sequencing project.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: No Interaction: Animal commensal in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECODH entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3990 (771 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3219 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000948 (circular; 4,686,137 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=18245285; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Durfee T., Nelson R., Baldwin S., Plunkett G. III, Burland V., Mau B., Petrosino J.F., Qin X., Muzny D.M., Ayele M., Gibbs R.A., Csorgo B., Posfai G., Weinstock G.M., Blattner F.R. ; "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli DH10B: insights into the biology of a laboratory workhorse."; J. Bacteriol. 190:2597-2606(2008).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/projects/microbial/microbial-detail.xsp?project_id=105 Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=20079 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_K12_DH10B  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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