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Species code:	ECOSE
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 409438) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesizing appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Strain SE11, a commensal bacterium, was isolated from the feces of a healthy human adult. It belongs to the E.coli phylogenetic group B1. It possesses more genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates as well as genes for adhesion than the laboratory workhorse strain MG1655 (which is no longer able to colonize the human gut). These genes are associated with uptake of available nutrients, allowing E. coli to survive in the intestinal tract rich in oligo- and polysaccharides (adapted from PubMed 18931093).
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: No Interaction: Animal commensal in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECOSE entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4979 (756 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 4223 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number AP009240 (circular; 4,887,515 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pSE11-1 EMBL accession number AP009241 (circular; 100,021 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pSE11-2 EMBL accession number AP009242 (circular; 91,158 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pSE11-3 EMBL accession number AP009243 (circular; 60,555 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pSE11-4 EMBL accession number AP009244 (circular; 6,929 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pSE11-5 EMBL accession number AP009245 (circular; 5,366 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pSE11-6 EMBL accession number AP009246 (circular; 4,082 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=18931093; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Oshima K., Toh H., Ogura Y., Sasamoto H., Morita H., Park S.-H., Ooka T., Iyoda S., Taylor T.D., Hayashi T., Itoh K., Hattori M. ; "Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the wild-type commensal Escherichia coli strain SE11 isolated from a healthy adult."; DNA Res. 15:375-386(2008).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://www.cb.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hattorilab/en/projects Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=18057 Genome Atlas: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/gwBrowser/project.php?pid=18057 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_SE11  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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