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Species code:	KINRD
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteridae; Actinomycetales; Kineosporiineae; Kineosporiaceae; Kineococcus (TaxID: 266940) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Kineococcus radiotolerans (strain ATCC BAA-149 / DSM 14245 / SRS30216) is an aerobic coccoid bacterium originally isolated from a high-level radioactive waste cell at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina, USA. This is the type strain of the species. It produces an orange carotenoid-like pigment. The bacterium typically forms symmetrical, multi-cell clusters in which each cell is surrounded by a thick extracellular polymer shell. In cultures supplemented with sandy loam extract, single cells become predominantly motile due to appearance of single polar flagellum. Cell growth occurs between 11-41 degrees Celsius, pH 5-9, and in the presence of <5% NaCl and <20% glucose. Carbohydrates and alcohols are primary growth substrates. Similarly to Deinococcus radiodurans, K. radiotolerans exhibits a high degree of resistance to ionizing gamma-radiation. Cells are also highly resistant to dessication. Kineococcus-like 16S rRNA gene sequences have been reported from the Mojave desert and other arid environments where these bacteria seem to be ubiquitous. Because of its high resistance to ionizing radiation and desiccation, K. radiotolerans has potential use in applications involving in situ biodegradation of problematic organic contaminants from highly radioactive environments. Moreover, comparative functional genomic characterization of this species and other known radiotolerant bacteria such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Rubrobacter xylanophilus will shed light onto the strategies these bacteria use for survival in high radiation environments, as well as the evolutionary origins of radioresistance and their highly efficient DNA repair machinery.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: No Interaction: No Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins: 1
Statistics:	Number of KINRD entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4674 (196 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 4478 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000750 (linear; 4,761,183 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pKRAD01 EMBL accession number CP000751 (linear; 182,572 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pKRAD02 EMBL accession number CP000752 (circular; 12,917 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Saunders E., Brettin T., Bruce D., Detter J.C., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Lykidis A., Bagwell C.E., Shimkets L., Berry C.J., Fliermans C., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of chromosome of Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216."; Submitted (JUL-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [2] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Saunders E., Brettin T., Bruce D., Detter J.C., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Lykidis A., Bagwell C.E., Shimkets L., Berry C.J., Fliermans C., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pKRAD01 of Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216."; Submitted (JUL-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [3] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Saunders E., Brettin T., Bruce D., Detter J.C., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Lykidis A., Bagwell C.E., Shimkets L., Berry C.J., Fliermans C., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pKRAD02 of Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216."; Submitted (JUL-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/kinra/kinra.home.html Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10689 Genome Atlas: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/gwBrowser/project.php?pid=10689 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Krad_SRS30216 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=analysis&Db=p3_p10689_Kin_radio  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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