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Species code:	RALME
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; Burkholderiaceae; Cupriavidus (TaxID: 266264) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Ralstonia metallidurans CH34, formerly known as Ralstonia eutropha and Alcaligenes eutrophus, is a gram-negative, non-spore forming bacillus that flourishes in millimolar concentrations of toxic heavy metals. Its optimal growth temperature is 30 degrees C. Although the reference strain, CH34, was first isolated in 1976 from the sludge of a zinc decantation tank in Belgium that was polluted with high concentrations of several heavy metals, it and other metal-resistant members of the genus Ralstonia are frequently found in sediments and soils with a high content of heavy metals from diverse geographical locations. A typical feature of these metal-resistant Ralstonia is the presence of one or two large megaplasmids which contain genes for multiple resistances to heavy metals. The reference strain, CH34, which was selected for its capacity to grow on minimal salt medium of low complexity containing cobalt, zinc, and cadmium ions, contains two large plasmids, pMOL28 (180 kb) and pMOL30 (240 kb). Together these plasmids confer resistance to Zn, Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Hg , Ni and Cr. Both plasmids are low copy number and stably maintained even without selective pressure. They are self-transferable at low frequencies. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for free, non-chelated Ni, Co, Zn and Cd are 2.5, 20, 12 and 2.5 mM, respectively for the reference strain. There is also a megaplasmid of about 2600 kb.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: No Interaction: No Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of RALME entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 6364 (402 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 5962 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000352 (circular; 3,928,089 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid megaplasmid CH34 EMBL accession number CP000353 (circular; 2,580,084 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pMOL30 EMBL accession number CP000354 (circular; 233,720 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pMOL28 EMBL accession number CP000355 (circular; 171,459 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Martinez M., Goltsman E., Pitluck S., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Mergeay M., Benotmane M.A., Vallaeys T., Michaux A., Monchy S., Dunn J., McCorkle S., Taghavi S., van der Lelie D., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of the chromosome of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34."; Submitted (APR-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [2] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Martinez M., Goltsman E., Pitluck S., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Mergeay M., Benotmane M.A., Vallaeys T., Michaux A., Monchy S., Dunn J., McCorkle S., Taghavi S., van der Lelie D., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of the megaplasmid of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34."; Submitted (APR-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [3] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Martinez M., Goltsman E., Pitluck S., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Mergeay M., Benotmane M.A., Vallaeys T., Michaux A., Monchy S., Dunn J., McCorkle S., Taghavi S., van der Lelie D., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pMOL30 of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34."; Submitted (APR-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [4] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Martinez M., Goltsman E., Pitluck S., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Mergeay M., Benotmane M.A., Vallaeys T., Michaux A., Monchy S., Dunn J., McCorkle S., Taghavi S., van der Lelie D., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pMOL28 of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34."; Submitted (APR-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links:	CBS: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-genus.php?kingdom=Bacteria&GLgenus=Ralstonia&GLspecies=metallidurans&GLsupStrain=CH34 Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid266264%5Borgn%5D GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Rmet_CH34 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=analysis&Db=p3_p250_Ral_metal  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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