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Species code:	STAAT
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacillales; Staphylococcus (TaxID: 451516) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Gram-positive nonmotile coccus that grows in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in which it forms grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of community- acquired and hospital-acquired infections. It produces numerous toxins including superantigens that cause unique disease entities such as toxic-shock syndrome and staphylococcal scarlet fever. Strain USA300 / TCH1516 is methicillin resistant and has been isolated from an adolescent patient with severe sepsis syndrome. It was sequenced because of the rapid and continuous increase of the prevalence of community acquired USA300 strains at the Texas Children's Hospital in Houston. This strain carries the staphylococcal type IVa methicillin resistance cassette (SCCmec). It also contains a 31 kb region unique to USA300 / TCH1516, USA300 / FPR3757 and S.epidermidis ATCC 122228. It encodes six pathogenicity islands that code for enterotoxins, exotoxins, serine proteases, leukotoxin, hemolysin, exfoliatin and epidermin. Two plasmids are present. The larger plasmid, pUSA300HOUMR, appears to be a mosaic of parts of three plasmids: pN315, from S.aureus N315, pSR1 from S.aureus 01A103 and pSERP from S.epidermidis RP62A. The smaller one pUSA01-HOU is identical to plasmid pUSA01 from S.aureus USA300 / FPR3757. The plasmid pUSA300HOUMR encodes resistance to beta-lactam, macrolide, aminoglycoside, streptothricin and bacitracin antibiotics as well as the CadD cadmium transporter and its regulator CadX and at least three additional transcriptional regulators USA300 / TCH1516 is highly similar to some methicillin resistant strains and this suggests that the differences in pathogenesis are due to subtle changes rather than to large-scale acquisition of virulence factors.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: No Human pathogen: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of STAAT entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 2688 (419 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 2269 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000730 (circular; 2,872,915 bp) (download entry) • Plasmid pUSA300HOUMR EMBL accession number CP000731 (circular; 27,041 bp) (download entry)
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=17986343; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Highlander S.K., Hulten K.G., Qin X., Jiang H., Yerrapragada S., Mason E.O. Jr., Shang Y., Williams T.M., Fortunov R.M., Liu Y., Igboeli O., Petrosino J., Tirumalai M., Uzman A., Fox G.E., Cardenas A.M., Muzny D.M., Hemphill L., Ding Y., Dugan S., Blyth P.R., Buhay C.J., Dinh H.H., Hawes A.C., Holder M., Kovar C.L., Lee S.L., Liu W., Nazareth L.V., Wang Q., Zhou J., Kaplan S.L., Weinstock G.M. ; "Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus."; BMC Microbiol. 7:99-99(2007).
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=19489 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Saur_USA300TCH1516  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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