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HAMAP rule MF_01480

General rule information [?]

Accession	MF_01480
Dates	17-JAN-2013 (Created) 1-JUN-2023 (Last updated, Version 11)
Name	Cas9
Scope(s)	Bacteria
Template(s)	Q99ZW2 (CAS9_STRP1); G3ECR1 (CAS9_STRTR); Q03JI6 (CAS9B_STRTD); Q927P4 (CAS9_LISIN); J7RUA5 (CAS9_STAAU); A0Q5Y3 (CAS9_FRATN); [ Recover all ]
Triggered by	HAMAP; MF_01480 (Get profile general information and statistics)

Propagated annotation [?]

Identifier, protein and gene names [?]

Identifier	CAS9
Protein name	RecName: Full=CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9; EC=3.1.-.-;
Gene name	Name=cas9;

Comments [?]

FUNCTION	CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). In type II CRISPR systems correct processing of pre-crRNA requires a trans- encoded small RNA (tracrRNA), endogenous ribonuclease 3 (rnc) and this protein. The tracrRNA serves as a guide for ribonuclease 3-aided processing of pre-crRNA. Subsequently Cas9/crRNA/tracrRNA endonucleolytically cleaves linear or circular dsDNA target complementary to the spacer; Cas9 is inactive in the absence of the 2 guide RNAs (gRNA). Cas9 recognizes the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in the CRISPR repeat sequences to help distinguish self versus nonself, as targets within the bacterial CRISPR locus do not have PAMs. PAM recognition is also required for catalytic activity.
case <FTGroup:1> or <FTGroup:2>
COFACTOR	Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
end case
SUBUNIT	Monomer. Binds crRNA and tracrRNA.
DOMAIN	Has 2 endonuclease domains. The discontinuous RuvC-like domain cleaves the target DNA noncomplementary to crRNA while the HNH nuclease domain cleaves the target DNA complementary to crRNA.
SIMILARITY	Belongs to the CRISPR-associated Cas9 family.

Keywords [?]

Gene Ontology [?]

GO:0004519; Molecular function:endonuclease activity

GO:0046872; Molecular function:metal ion binding

GO:0051607; Biological process:defense response to virus

GO:0043571; Biological process:maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements

Cross-references [?]

Features [?]

From: CAS9_STRP1 (Q99ZW2)
Key	From	To	Description	Tag	Condition	FTGroup
ACT_SITE	10	10	/note="For RuvC-like nuclease domain"		D
ACT_SITE	840	840	/note="Proton acceptor for HNH nuclease domain"		H
BINDING	10	10	/ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="1"		D	1
BINDING	10	10	/ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="2"		D	2
BINDING	762	762	/ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="1"		E	1
BINDING	766	766	/ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="1"		E	1
BINDING	766	766	/ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="2"		E	2
BINDING	983	983	/ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="2"		H	2

Additional information [?]

Size range	984-1688 amino acids
Related rules	None
Fusion	Nter: None Cter: None
Comments	The signature gene for type II CRISPR/Cas systems. The simplicity of the system (1 protein plus 2 gRNAs that can be engineered into 1 longer transcript) has been used for genome editing in human, mouse, plant, yeast and bacterial cells. Introduction of multiple sgRNAs leads to multiplexed editing of genomic loci; DNA has also been inserted into mammals.