HAMAP rule MF_01480

General rule information [?]

Accession	MF_01480
Dates	17-JAN-2013 (Created) 19-NOV-2022 (Last updated, Version 10)

Name

Cas9

Scope

Bacteria

Templates

Q99ZW2 (CAS9_STRP1); G3ECR1 (CAS9_STRTR); Q03JI6 (CAS9B_STRTD); Q927P4 (CAS9_LISIN); J7RUA5 (CAS9_STAAU); A0Q5Y3 (CAS9_FRATN): [Recover all]

Triggered by

HAMAP; MF_01480 (Get profile general information and statistics)

Propagated annotation [?]

Identifier, protein and gene names [?]

Identifier

CAS9

Protein name

RecName:		Full=CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9;
		EC 3.1.-.-;

Gene name

cas9

Comments [?]

Function

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). In type II CRISPR systems correct processing of pre-crRNA requires a trans-encoded small RNA (tracrRNA), endogenous ribonuclease 3 (rnc) and this protein. The tracrRNA serves as a guide for ribonuclease 3-aided processing of pre-crRNA. Subsequently Cas9/crRNA/tracrRNA endonucleolytically cleaves linear or circular dsDNA target complementary to the spacer; Cas9 is inactive in the absence of the 2 guide RNAs (gRNA). Cas9 recognizes the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in the CRISPR repeat sequences to help distinguish self versus nonself, as targets within the bacterial CRISPR locus do not have PAMs. PAM recognition is also required for catalytic activity.

case <FTGroup:1> or <FTGroup:2>

Cofactor

Mg(2+)

end case

Subunit	Monomer. Binds crRNA and tracrRNA.
Domain	Has 2 endonuclease domains. The discontinuous RuvC-like domain cleaves the target DNA noncomplementary to crRNA while the HNH nuclease domain cleaves the target DNA complementary to crRNA.
Similarity	Belongs to the CRISPR-associated Cas9 family.

Keywords [?]

Antiviral defense
DNA-binding
Endonuclease
Hydrolase

case <FTGroup:1> or <FTGroup:2>

Magnesium
Metal-binding

end case

Nuclease
RNA-binding

Gene Ontology [?]

GO:0004519; Molecular function: endonuclease activity.
GO:0046872; Molecular function: metal ion binding.
GO:0051607; Biological process: defense response to virus.
GO:0043571; Biological process: maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements.

Cross-references [?]

Pfam	PF13395; HNH_4; 1;
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01865; cas_Csn1; 1;
PROSITE	PS51749; HNH_CAS9; 1; trigger=PRU01085;

Features [?]

From: CAS9_STRP1 (Q99ZW2)

Key From To Description Tag Condition FTGroup

ACT_SITE 10 10 For RuvC-like nuclease domain D

ACT_SITE 840 840 Proton acceptor for HNH nuclease domain H

BINDING 10 10 /ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="1 D 1

BINDING 10 10 /ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="2 D 2

BINDING 762 762 /ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="1 E 1

BINDING 766 766 /ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="1 E 1

BINDING 766 766 /ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="2 E 2

BINDING 983 983 /ligand="Mg(2+)" /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" /ligand_label="2 H 2

Additional information [?]

Size range	984-1688 amino acids
Related rules	None
Fusion	None
Comments	The signature gene for type II CRISPR/Cas systems. The simplicity of the system (1 protein plus 2 gRNAs that can be engineered into 1 longer transcript) has been used for genome editing in human, mouse, plant, yeast and bacterial cells. Introduction of multiple sgRNAs leads to multiplexed editing of genomic loci; DNA has also been inserted into mammals.

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