HAMAP rule MF_01897
General rule information
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| Accession | MF_01897 |
| Dates | 3-MAY-2011 (Created) 1-JUN-2023 (Last updated, Version 12) |
| Name | GyrA |
| Scope | Bacteria
Archaea |
| Templates | P0AES4 (GYRA_ECOLI); P9WG47 (GYRA_MYCTU); P37411 (GYRA_SALTY); O67108 (TOP4A_AQUAE): [Recover all] |
| Triggered by |
Propagated annotation
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Identifier, protein and gene names
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| Identifier |
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| Protein name |
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| Gene name |
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Comments
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| Function | A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner. |
| Catalytic activity | Reaction=ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA.; EC=5.6.2.2; |
| Subunit | Heterotetramer, composed of two GyrA and two GyrB chains. In the heterotetramer, GyrA contains the active site tyrosine that forms a transient covalent intermediate with DNA, while GyrB binds cofactors and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. |
| Miscellaneous | Few gyrases are as efficient as E.coli at forming negative supercoils. Not all organisms have 2 type II topoisomerases; in organisms with a single type II topoisomerase this enzyme also has to decatenate newly replicated chromosomes. |
| Similarity | Belongs to the topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family. |
Keywords
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Gene Ontology
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GO:0005524; Molecular function: ATP binding.
GO:0003677; Molecular function: DNA binding.
GO:0003918; Molecular function: DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
GO:0006265; Biological process: DNA topological change.
GO:0006261; Biological process: DNA-templated DNA replication.
GO:0005737; Cellular component: cytoplasm.
GO:0003677; Molecular function: DNA binding.
GO:0003918; Molecular function: DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
GO:0006265; Biological process: DNA topological change.
GO:0006261; Biological process: DNA-templated DNA replication.
GO:0005737; Cellular component: cytoplasm.
Cross-references
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Features
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| From: GYRA_ECOLI (P0AES4) | ||||||||||||
| Key | From | To | Description | Tag | Condition | FTGroup | ||||||
| ACT_SITE | 122 | 122 | O-(5'-phospho-DNA)-tyrosine intermediate | Y | ||||||||
| MOTIF | 560 | 566 | GyrA-box | motif | Q-[KNRHGA]-[RIT]-[GA]-[GT]-[KRVIQH]-G | |||||||
Additional information
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| Size range | 697-1016 amino acids |
| Related rules | None |
| Fusion | None |
| Comments | The degree of DNA negative supercoiling has been studied in very few bacteria, E.coli gyrase is extra efficient compared to other bacteria. The enzyme from Aquifex aeolicus is a topoisomerase IV; the A subunit has lost the GyrA-box and despite its similarity to GyrA does not have the ability to negatively supercoil DNA. Some members of this family contain inteins. |