HAMAP logo

HAMAP rule MF_04080

Send feedback

General rule information [?]

Accession MF_04080
Dates 30-MAY-2017 (Created)
1-MAR-2024 (Last updated, Version 13)
Name HIV_VPR
Scope(s) Viruses
Lentivirus
Template(s) P69726 (VPR_HV1H2); [ Recover all ]
Triggered by HAMAP; MF_04080 (Get profile general information and statistics)

Propagated annotation [?]

Identifier, protein and gene names [?]

Identifier VPR
Protein name RecName: Full=Protein Vpr;
AltName: Full=R ORF protein;
AltName: Full=Viral protein R;
Gene name Name=vpr;

Comments [?]

FUNCTIONDuring virus entry, plays a role in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the host nucleus. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions.
FUNCTIONDuring virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells.
SUBUNITHomooligomer, may form homodimer. Interacts with p6-gag region of the Pr55 Gag precursor protein through a (Leu-X-X)4 motif near the C-terminus of the P6gag protein. Interacts with host UNG. May interact with host RAD23A/HHR23A. Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to hijack the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1/VPRBP complex, mediating ubiquitination of host proteins such as TERT and ZGPAT and arrest of the cell cycle in G2 phase.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATIONVirion. Host nucleus. Host extracellular space. Note=Incorporation into virion is dependent on p6 GAG sequences. Lacks a canonical nuclear localization signal, thus import into nucleus may function independently of the human importin pathway. Detected in high quantity in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient.
PTMPhosphorylated on several residues by host. These phosphorylations regulate VPR activity for the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre- integration complex.
MISCELLANEOUSHIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).
SIMILARITYBelongs to the HIV-1 VPR protein family.

Keywords [?]


Gene Ontology [?]

GO:0043655; Cellular component:host extracellular space
GO:0042025; Cellular component:host cell nucleus
GO:0044423; Cellular component:virion component
GO:0000278; Biological process:mitotic cell cycle
GO:0052151; Biological process:symbiont-mediated activation of host apoptosis
GO:0051701; Biological process:biological process involved in interaction with host
GO:0006811; Biological process:monoatomic ion transport
GO:0051260; Biological process:protein homooligomerization
GO:0006355; Biological process:regulation of DNA-templated transcription
GO:0039592; Biological process:symbiont-mediated arrest of host cell cycle during G2/M transition
GO:0006351; Biological process:DNA-templated transcription
GO:0075732; Biological process:viral penetration into host nucleus

Cross-references [?]

Pfam PF00522; VPR; 1;
PRINTS PR00444; HIVVPRVPX; 1;

Features [?]

From: VPR_HV1H2 (P69726)
Key From To Description Tag Condition FTGroup
REGION 1 42 /note="Homooligomerization"
MOD_RES 79 79 /note="Phosphoserine; by host" S
MOD_RES 94 94 /note="Phosphoserine; by host" S
MOD_RES 96 96 /note="Phosphoserine; by host" S

Additional information [?]

Size range 78-100 amino acids
Related rules None
Fusion Nter: None Cter: None



View rule in raw text format (no links)