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Annotation rule MF_04098 |
Accession | MF_04098 |
Dates | 26-MAR-2018 (Created) 20-NOV-2019 (Last updated, Version 5) |
Name | GAMMA_CORONA_SPIKE |
Scope | Viruses; Gammacoronavirus |
Template | P11223 (SPIKE_IBVB) |
Triggered by |
Identifier |
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Protein name |
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Gene name |
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Function | Spike protein S1: attaches the virion to the host cell membrane by interacting with sialic acids, initiating the infection. |
Spike protein S2: mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. | |
Spike protein S2': Acts as a viral fusion peptide after S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis. | |
Subunit | Homotrimer; each monomer consists of a S1 and a S2 subunit. The resulting peplomers protrude from the virus surface as spikes. |
Subcellular location | Spike protein S2: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=Accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it participates in virus particle assembly. Some S oligomers may be transported to the plasma membrane, where they may mediate cell-cell fusion. |
Spike protein S1: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it participates in virus particle assembly. Some S oligomers may be transported to the plasma membrane, where they may mediate cell-cell fusion. S1 is not anchored to the viral envelope, but associates with the extravirion surface through its binding to S2. |
Domain | The di-lysine motif confers endoplasmic reticulum localization for type I membrane proteins. |
Ptm | Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host cell furin or furin-like protease to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins. The cleavage site between S1 and S2 requires the optimal sequence [KR]-X-[KR]-R. Additionally, a second cleavage leads to the release of a fusion peptide after viral attachment to host cell receptor. |
Similarity | Belongs to the gammacoronaviruses spike protein family. |
PROSITE | PS00001; ASN_GLYCOSYLATION; 0-unlimited; trigger=PRU00498; |
Pfam | PF01600; Corona_S1; 1; |
PF01601; Corona_S2; 1; |
General | Coiled_coil; -; 2-unlimited; trigger=yes; |
Signal; -; 1; | |
Transmembrane; -; 1; |
From: SPIKE_IBVB (P11223) | ||||||||||||
Key | From | To | Description | Tag | Condition | FTGroup | ||||||
SIGNAL | Nter | 18 | ||||||||||
CHAIN | 19 | 537 | Spike protein S1 | |||||||||
CHAIN | 538 | Cter | Spike protein S2 | |||||||||
CHAIN | 691 | Cter | Spike protein S2' | |||||||||
TOPO_DOM | 19 | 1095 | Extracellular | |||||||||
TRANSMEM | 1096 | 1116 | Helical | |||||||||
TOPO_DOM | 1117 | Cter | Cytoplasmic | |||||||||
COILED | 822 | 866 | ||||||||||
COILED | 1055 | 1083 | ||||||||||
MOTIF | 1159 | 1162 | Di-lysine motif | Motif | K-K-x-x | |||||||
SITE | 537 | 538 | Cleavage; by host furin | R-S | ||||||||
SITE | 690 | 691 | Cleavage; by host furin | R-S |
Size range | 1154-1163 amino acids |
Related rules | None |
Fusion | None |