HAMAP

Accession	MF_04200
Dates	22-MAR-2018 (Created) 16-MAR-2021 (Last updated, Version 4)

Name	ALPHA_CORONA_SPIKE

Scope

Viruses; Alphacoronavirus

Template

P15423 (SPIKE_CVH22)

Triggered by

HAMAP; MF_04200 (Get profile general information and statistics)

Identifier

SPIKE

Protein name

RecName: Full=Spike glycoprotein; Short=S glycoprotein; AltName: Full=E2; AltName: Full=Peplomer protein; Flags: Precursor;

Gene name

S

Function	S1 region attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with the host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to the receptor probably induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein unmasking the fusion peptide of S2 region and activating membranes fusion. S2 region belongs to the class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.
Subunit	Homotrimer. During virus morphogenesis, found in a complex with M and HE proteins. Interacts with host receptor.
Subcellular location	Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=Accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it participates in virus particle assembly.
Domain	The KxHxx motif seems to function as an ER retrieval signal.
Similarity	Belongs to the alphacoronaviruses spike protein family.
Caution	In contrast to serogroups 2 and 3, S glycoprotein from serogroup 1 is not cleaved into S1 and S2.

Coiled coil
Glycoprotein
Host membrane
Host-virus interaction
Membrane
Signal
Transmembrane
Transmembrane helix
Viral attachment to host cell
Viral envelope protein
Virion
Virulence
Virus entry into host cell

GO:0044173; Cellular component: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane.
GO:0016021; Cellular component: integral component of membrane.
GO:0019031; Cellular component: viral envelope.
GO:0055036; Cellular component: virion membrane.
GO:0075509; Biological process: endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell.
GO:0039654; Biological process: fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane.
GO:0019064; Biological process: fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
GO:0046813; Biological process: receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.

Pfam	PF01600; Corona_S1; 1;
	PF01601; Corona_S2; 1;

General	Coiled_coil; -; 2-unlimited;
	Signal; -; 1;
	Transmembrane; -; 1;

From: SPIKE_CVH22 (P15423)
Key		From		To		Description		Tag		Condition		FTGroup
SIGNAL		Nter		15
CHAIN		16		1173		Spike glycoprotein
TOPO_DOM		16		1115		Virion surface
TRANSMEM		1116		1135		Helical
TOPO_DOM		1136		1173		Intravirion
REGION		16		536		S1
REGION		537		1173		S2
REGION		753		773		Fusion peptide
COILED		834		878
COILED		1063		1105
MOTIF		1169		1173		KxHxx				K-x-H-x-x

Size range	1173-1453 amino acids
Related rules	None
Fusion	None

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